Study Guide Chs 3 4 & 6

Exam #2: Chapters 3, 4 & 6:

For all of the chapters, make sure to know the answers to the "Review" questions at the end of each section. Answers can be found in the online version of our text. 

Ch 3: Biopsych

Genetics: Genotype vs Phenotype; DNA, Chromosomes and their pairs (how many); Structures and functions of neurons (dendrite, axon, myelin, action potential); CNS vs. PNS (Somatic vs. Autonomic: Sympathetic/Parasympathetic- Which one activates "fight or flight response"?); Lobes of the brain and their major jobs; Limbic system; Brocas/Wernicke's areas and what happens when damaged; Neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, GABA, Ach); Endocrine system and hormones (Pineal gland-melatonin).

Ch. 4: States of Consciousness

Circadian rhythm and things that disrupt it (and how to adjust according to the video link in the chapter); Pineal gland/melatonin (again); REM vs. nonREM sleep; Sleep disorders, Psychoactive substances and their categories (Stimulants, Halluncinogens & Depressants (including opioids, which ARE DEPRESSANTS); Know the related neurotransmitter "agonists" and "antagonists", such as "Cocaine blocks the reuptake of dopamine";  Tolerance, Dependence (physical and psycho/craving); Withdrawal; EEG;   

 Ch. 6: Learning Theories

3 Theories and their theorists:

Classical Conditioning: Ivan Pavlov (not a psychologist) and what he did with his dogs; CC and OC are forms of "associative" learning; Who was John Watson & Little Albert? Be able to recognize differences between CC and OC. What is generalization and discrimination?

Operant Conditioning: BF Skinner; Primary vs Secondary reinforcers; Negative vs Positive reinforcement; Punishment and why it is not recommended; What type of approach IS recommended for teaching children manners, etc..? Reinforcement SCHEDULES: VR, FR, VI, FI (practice with the handout); Shaping.

Social (observational) Learning: Bandura and his bobo dolls- What happened when the kids observed an aggressive model?