Exam 3 Study Guide Chs 8 9 14

This next exam is 80 points with a mix of multiple choice and short answer questions. Scantrons and pencils required.

Ch. 8: Memory

3 memory stages- encoding (automatic and effortful), storage, and retrieval

3 types of memory: sensory, short-term (working) and long term

2 types of long term memory: explicit (where processed in brain?) and implicit (brain regions?)

Working memory?

Thinks that get in the way of our recall:  2 types of interference, 7 Sins of Memory, Encoding failure, construction errors (misinformation effect); problems with eyewitness testimony and "false memories". 

How to improve your memory (last part of chapter).

Ch. 9: Lifespan Dev:

Theorists: Know who Piaget, Vygotsky, Erikson, Harlow & Ainsworth were. Be able to identify aspects of their theories (i.e., a 3 year old is in which cognitive "stage" according to Piaget?) 

Parenting styles- the most "ideal"?

Attachment- Secure vs Insecure; How is it tested? What is the 'strange situation"? 

Physical Dev: Puberty, Primary vs Secondary sex chars; Menarche/Spermarche; menopause; age-related declines in sensorium.

Hospice and the Death with Dignity Act (discussed in class)

Ch 14: Stress, Health & Lifestyle:

What is Stress? How is stress measured? Good stress?  How do we appraise stress (primary vs secondary appraisal); Cannon Bard's and Hans Selye's Theories about stress; The physiology of stress: What is the "HPA" axis?  Recall the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system from Ch. 3; Effects of cortisol (positive and negative). Which gland releases?

Stressors: Traumatic events vs. Life Changes vs. Hassles; Job Strain & hypertension (occupational stress); Burnout

Stress & Illness: Know the major psychophysiological disorders; Stress & your immune system; what is "PNI"? Lymphocytes & telomeres, oh my!; Cardiovascular disorders/heart disease and gender differences; Type A vs B personalities; Depression and the heart; Asthma, Headaches.

Stress Regulation: Coping styles; Perceived "control" and "learned helplessness"/Seligman's dogs; Social support & immunity; Effects of oppression/discrimination.

Reducing stress- Exercise; Relaxation response training; mindful meditation.

Happiness!  Factors that influence happiness (what about $$?); Happy people are more likely to be college graduates!; Predicting emotions?; Positive Psychology (learned optimism and "flow").

Potential Short Answer questions:

Ch. 8: Memory 

What are the 3 stages of memory processing (encoding, storage and retrieval) 

How long does short term (working) memory last? Long term? 

*What are the two types of “interference”? 

What are the two main types of “amnesia”?  Who was “Patient HM”? 

What did Elizabeth Loftus contribute to memory research? 

What is memory “construction”? Reconstruction? 

What is the misinformation effect? 

Ch. 9 Lifespan Development 

What did Piaget contribute to our understanding of development? 

What did Mary Ainsworth contribute? Attachment?

What are the 3 main parenting styles? Which one is the best? 

What are the stages of prenatal development? 

What stage of psychosocial development would a teenager experience? Who developed the Psychosocial theory?  

What are teratogens? Is it ever safe to drink during pregnancy? 

Ch. 14 Stress, Lifestyle and Health 

What are the two types of “appraisal”? 

What are the three types of “stressors”? 

What is meant by “flow”? 

What are the differences between “emotion focused” and problem-focused coping? 

What factors contribute to “happiness”?  

What is the “relaxation response”? 

What are “lymphocytes”? 

What did Shelly Taylor contribute to our understanding of Health Psychology? 

What does the research say about our ability to predict the longevity and intensity of our future emotional states? 

What is the Type A personality? 

Who is at highest risk for heart disease? 

What is the relationship between depression and cardiac disease?